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Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

SHENG Jianwu, HE Miao, YU Shaoqing, SHI Hanchang, QIAN Yi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 329-333 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0056-7

摘要： Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria, which cause lots of accidents and threatens human health. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established and used to detect microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking and surface waters. The concentration of coating antigen was 5 ?g/mL, the dilution of monoclonal antibody MC10E7 was 1:3 000, the dilution of enzyme tracer (goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase) was 1:3 000, the standard concentration of MC-LR ranged from 0.001 μg/L to 30 μg/L, and o-phenylenediamine was used as substrate. The assay showed high relativity with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a correlation coefficient of more than 99%. The relative standard deviation was less than 10%, the detection limit was achieved down to 0.01 μg/L and up to 5.1 μg/L. The quantitative detection range was from 0.03 μg/L to 3 μg/L, and the antibody had high specificity for [4-arginine] microcystins. It performed well in spite of the influence of the real samples.

关键词： o-phenylenediamine     4-arginine     ic-ELISA     substrate     chromatography    

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Synthesis of haptens and production of antibodies to bisphenol A

Xiya ZHANG, Xiaoyun DONG, Sijun ZHAO, Yuebin KE, Kai WEN, Suxia ZHANG, Zhanhui WANG, Jianzhong SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 366-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017132

摘要： Three immunizing haptens of bisphenol A (BPA), including two new haptens, were used to produce highly sensitive and specific polyclonal antibodies. The spacer arms of haptens for coupling to the protein carrier were located at different positions in BPA, and different length spacer arms were tested. Highly sensitive polyclonal antibodies were obtained and characterized using indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). Under optimized conditions, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ) value of the best polyclonal antibody was 2.1 mg·L , based on coating heterogeneous antigens, and this optimal polyclonal antibody was highly sensitive toward BPA and displayed negligible cross-reactivity with bisphenol B and bisphenol E. A sensitive icELISA method utilizing the polyclonal antibody was developed for the determination of BPA in milk. In spiked samples (5, 10 and 20mg·L ), the recovery ranged from 80% to 102% with a coefficient of variation (CV) value below 15.8%. The limit of detection of icELISA was 1.95mg·L . These results indicate that the icELISA method is suitable for the detection of BPA in milk.

关键词： bisphenol A     cross-reactivity     hapten     indirect competitive ELISA     polyclonal antibody    

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Preparation of hapten-specific monoclonal antibody for cadmium and its ELISA application to aqueous samples

Huan HE, Bo TANG, Cheng SUN, Shaogui YANG, Weijuan ZHENG, Zichun HUA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 409-416 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0349-8

摘要： High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies against cadmium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex have been produced using the hybridoma technique. A hapten was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of cadmium in aqueous sample was developed. The monoclonal antibody with high level of binding affinity for Cd-IEDTA-BSA and high specificity for soluble Cd-EDTA complex showed less than 0.99% cross-reactivity with other 11 metals. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg·L , and the effective linear range was 10 –10 μg·L . The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations were 1.5%–6.3% and 3.2%–7.4%, respectively. The spike recovery in different water samples were between 98.5% and 110.3%. The detection limit of this assay was well below the allowable concentration of cadmium (3 μg·L ), and the working range was wider than that of other methods which showed the range of 2.19–86.38 and 0–10 μg·L . The competitive ELISA established in this paper was sensitive and accurate in the screening of cadmium in aqueous samples. The results will lay a solid foundation for construction of an immunoassay kit for cadmium.

关键词： cadmium     hapten     monoclonal antibody     enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)    

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An indirect evaporative chiller

Xiaoyun XIE, Yi JIANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 66-76 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0021-1

摘要： A novel indirect evaporative chiller driven by outdoor dry air to produce cold water as the cooling source for air conditioning systems is introduced, and the principle and the structure of the chiller is presented. The cold water can be produced almost reversibly under ideal working conditions, with its temperature infinitely close to the dew point temperature of the inlet air. The key components of the chiller are an air cooler and a padding tower. To improve the heat transfer performance inside the chiller, a quasi-countercurrent air cooler was designed; a subsection linear method was used for the mathematical model of the padding tower. The first indirect evaporative chiller, designed and developed in 2005, has been in use in Kairui Building, a big hotel in Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The tested temperature of the water produced is below the wet bulb temperature of outdoor air and reached the average value of the dew point temperature and the wet bulb temperature of outdoor air. As the running components are only pumps and fans, the COP (cooling energy for room divided by power cost) of this chiller is high, and the drier the outdoor air, the higher COP the chiller obtained. Since no CFCs are used in this chiller, it would not cause any pollution to the aerosphere. Finally, the application prospect of the indirect evaporative chiller in the world is presented.

关键词： indirect evaporative chiller     dry air     dew point temperature    

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Knowledge-based competitive strategy using direct customer experience for automobile product development

Peter HODGES, Shuh Yuan LIOU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 33-46 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0080-3

摘要： The automobile product development (PD) design space continually increases in size and complexity. In this dynamic environment, firms must identify competitive strategies that maintain or increase financial return. Firms can compete on several factors including price/cost, time-to-market, or differentiation (e.g., function or quality). Here, we envision that differentiation through expertise in integration can be a successful strategy in the automotive industry. Expertise in integration requires attention to knowledge management, which is crucial for competitive advantage []. A key component of the PD process is the acquisition of data about customers’ responses to vehicle performance and the rapid use of that information in the development of new products. The paper proposes a system for collecting near real-time data about responses to vehicle performance and its integration with recent developments in design and analysis. The proposed system would collect customer psychophysical response data, correlate it with vehicle parameter response data, and apply this information with feasible design automation to provide reduced cycle time, improved quality, and greater customer satisfaction. The paper discusses some relevant technological and legal constraints and concludes that such a system is feasible, can provide a near-term competitive advantage, and in the long-term, in some form, will be necessary for success.

关键词： product development     strategy     knowledge management    

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Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

Buqing YE, Rui ZHANG, Jin CAO, Bingquan SHI, Xun ZHOU, Dong LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 590-606 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0809-6

摘要： The coal and biomass coupling power generation technology is considered as a promising technology for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this paper, a novel coal and biomass indirect coupling system is proposed based on the technology of biomass gasification and co-combustion of coal and gasification gas. For the sake of comparison, a coal and biomass direct coupling system is also introduced based on the technology of co-combustion of coal and biomass. The process of the direct and the indirect coupling system is simulated. The thermodynamic and economic performances of two systems are analyzed and compared. The simulation indicates that the thermodynamic performance of the indirect coupling system is slightly worse, but the economic performance is better than that of the direct coupling system. When the blending ratio of biomass is 20%, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the indirect coupling system are 42.70% and 41.14%, the internal rate of return (IRR) and discounted payback period (DPP) of the system are 25.68% and 8.56 years. The price fluctuation of fuels and products has a great influence on the economic performance of the indirect coupling system. The environmental impact analysis indicates that the indirect coupling system can inhibit the propagation of NO and reduce the environmental cost.

关键词： biomass     indirect coupling system     process simulation     thermodynamic analysis     economic analysis    

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Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirect

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0200-3

摘要： With the energy and environmental problems becoming increasingly serious, human power, as a pervasive, renewable, mobile and environment friendly energy, draws more and more attention over the world. In this paper, the most basic features of human power are presented. The currently available human power harvesting theories and devices are briefly reviewed and compared. Further, direct or indirect utilization of human power in daily life, especially transportation and home appliances, such as human-powered car, watercraft, aircraft, washing machine and television etc. are summarized. Considering that the total energy from an individual is rather limited, as previously focused by most of the former works, it is conceived in this paper that an important future for large scale use of human powers lies in the efficient conversion, collection and storage of such energy from discrete people and then use it later on as desired. With the huge amount of energy gathered, the application category of human power would be significantly expended. Starting from this point, three technical ways towards efficiently utilizing human power are sketched, which are termed as human-powered grid (HPG), human-powered charger (HPC) and human-powered storage (HPS), among which, HPG is capable of collecting the electric power produced by each individual at different regions and thus can supply unique and flexible power to the customers covered in the area, without relying on the conventional electricity grid. The HPC can then charge various kinds of electrical devices instantly by a human driven generator which converts human power into electricity. Finally, the HPS can store electricity in time for later use. In this way, even for the devices requiring electricity that is strong enough, the collected human power can also serve as its reliable energy source. Meanwhile, utilization of human power becomes rather convenient and timely which guarantees its practical value. It is expected that with further research and increasing applications, human power could partially relieve the current global electricity shortage and environmental issues via its pervasive contribution.

关键词： human energy harvesting     human-powered transportation     human-powered home appliances     human-powered grid (HPG)     human-powered charger (HPC)     human-powered storage (HPS)     biofuel    

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Comparison of indirect boundary element and finite element methods A case study: Shiraz-Esfahan railway

Amin MANOUCHEHRIAN, Mohammad Fatehi MARJI, Mohsen MOHEBBI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 385-392 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0173-7

摘要： Because of the high importance of transportation tunnels, most precise analyses of stress concentration and displacement around them are essential to provide safety of them as much as possible. Recently, various numerical methods such as finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), finite difference method (FDM) and boundary element method (BEM) have been used extremely in geosciences problems, but among these numerical methods, BEM has been used less than others because the computational algorithm is not so straightforward. This paper suggests the implementation of the indirect boundary element method (IBEM) as a formulation of BEM to analyze displacement around Shiraz-Esfahan railway tunnel in Zagros Mountains southwest of Iran. For this purpose, this tunnel has been modeled numerically using two-dimensional fictitious stress method (TWOFS) algorithm. To validate the results, they were compared with FEM results as a commonly used numerical method. Results of current theoretical study have shown that the presented approach using IBEM is reasonably accurate and can be used for analysis of displacement in geosciences problems. In rock mechanics, for problems with a low ratio of boundary surface to volume, FEM is not very well suited and may be cumbersome, but use of such a proposed IBEM approach can be particularly attractive.

关键词： indirect boundary element method     finite element method     displacement     tunnel     case study    

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基于产业价值链的我国制造业竞争战略研究

赵文成,赵红

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第9期   页码 54-59

摘要：

在跨国公司主导的产业价值链体系中，以寻求比较优势为目标的传统竞争战略对我国制造业竞争力产生了严重的削弱作用。研究表明，为获得可持续竞争力，我国制造业竞争战略的重点应聚焦如何建立在产业价值链中的主导和控制地位。

关键词： 产业价值链     制造业竞争战略    

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Optimal production strategy for auto manufacturers with government subsidies in competitive environments

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0261-5

摘要： Using the Hotelling model and evolutionary game theory, this paper studies the optimal production strategy of duopoly auto manufacturers and explores the impacts of two government policies (manufacturer and consumer subsidies) on strategies related to the production of electric vehicles (EVs) or fuel vehicles (FVs). The study finds that consumers’ environmental preferences have direct effects on manufacturers’ market shares and profits, which in turn, affect the manufacturers’ production strategy selection. Specifically, when consumer environmental preference is sufficiently high, both auto manufacturers will eventually choose to produce EVs; when it is moderate, only one with a cost advantage will choose to produce EVs. Finally, when it is low, neither auto manufacturer will produce EVs. The findings further reveal that the more significant the difference in EV production costs is, the more inclined auto manufacturers are to choose a different final stable strategy. Regardless of whether the government subsidizes manufacturers or consumers, the policy only works if subsidies reach a certain threshold. The study also identifies the conditions under which government subsidies are considered more cost-effective.

关键词： supply chain management     low-carbon emission     electric vehicle     subsidy     evolutionary game theory    

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NICE’s Indirect Coal-to-Liquid Process for Producing Clean Transportation Fuels Using Fischer-Tropsch

Omar M. Basha,Li Weng,Zhuo-wu Men,Wayne Xu,Badie I. Morsi

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 362-376 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016049

摘要： China is currently the world’s top coal consumer and the largest oil importer to sustain its rising economy and meet the mounting demand for transportation fuels. However, the increasing emissions due to the huge fossil fuels consumption, coupled with oil market instability, could derail China’s economic growth and jeopardize its national energy security. To face such a hurdle, China has been aggressively supporting low-carbon businesses opportunuties over the past decade, has recently announced several plans to cap coal utilization, and is currently the biggest investor in clean energy technologies. Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) is one of the most promising clean coal technologies, offering an ideal solution that can meet China’s energy demands and environmental expectations. It is widely known that the Shenhua Group has pioneered and is currently leading the commercialization of the Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) process in China. This paper highlights a part of the joint research effort undertaken by the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy (NICE) and University of Pittsburgh in order to develop and commercialize the Indirect Coal Liquefaction (ICL) process. In this mission, NICE has built and operated an ICL plant including a large-scale (5.8-m ID and 30-m height) Slurry-Bubble-Column Reactor (SBCR) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using iron catalyst. The research, conducted at the University of Pittsburgh over the past few years, allowed building a user-friendly Simulator, based on a comprehensive SBCR model integrated with Aspen Plus and is validated using data from the NICE actual ICL plant. In this paper, the Simulator predictions of the performance of the NICE SBCR, operating with iron and cobalt catalysts under four different tail gas recycle strategies: (1) direct recycle; (2) using a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit; (3) using a reformer; and (4) using a Chemical looping Combustion (CLC) process, are presented. It should be mentioned also that our joint research effort has laid the foundation for the design of a commercial-scale SBCR for producing one-million tons per annum of environmentally friendly and ultraclean (no sulfur, no nitrogen and virtually no aromatics) transportation fuels, which could greatly contribute to ensuring China’s national energy security while curbing its lingering emission problems.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis     tail gas recycle     simulations     process design    

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有关间接法预测煤层气含量的讨论

鲜学福,辜敏

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第8期   页码 15-22

摘要：

对间接法预测煤层气（甲烷）含量有关的煤层气在煤中赋存状态、煤层气在煤中吸附模型及其相互之间的联系、煤层中游离煤层气及其含量相关计算所需的参数进行了分析讨论，并提出了相应的建议。

关键词： 间接法     煤层气     甲烷     吸附/吸收     游离    

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Immobilized

Pei MA, Dan ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 498-508 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0429-4

摘要： To investigate the potential use of ( ) residue for Cd adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate (PVA) was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and coexisting metal ions were studied. The suitable pH for immobilized was 4–7 wider than that for raw (pH 6–7). In the presence of Pb concentration varying from 0 to 30 mg·L , the Cd adsorption ratios declined by 6.71% and 47.45% for immobilized and raw , respectively. While, with the coexisting ion Cu concentration varied from 0 to 30 mg·L , the Cd adsorption ratios declined by 12.97% and 50.56% for immobilized and raw , respectively. The Cd adsorption isotherms in single–metal and dual-metal solutions were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The Cd adsorption capacities ( ) in single-metal solution were 6.448 mg·L and 2.832 mg·L for immobilized and raw , respectively. The of immobilized were 1.850 mg Cd·g in Cd + Pb solution and 3.961 mg Cd·g in Cd + Cu solution, respectively. The Cd adsorption processes subjected to both adsorbents follow pseudo-second-order model. Mechanism study showed the functional group of was –OH, –NH, –CO, and PVA played an important role in metal adsorbing. Mining wastewater treatment test showed that PVA–SA-immobilized was effective in mixed pollutant treatment even for wastewater containing metal ions in very low concentration.

关键词： immobilization     Lentinus edodes residue     competitive adsorption     isotherm    

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Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

Fengjie ZHANG, Xiaoxia OU, Shuo CHEN, Chunqiu RAN, Xie QUAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 484-492 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0423-x

摘要： The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L CaCl as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation ( >0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.

关键词： competitive adsorption     desorption     copper     lead     soil    

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Novel eco-efficient reactive distillation process for dimethyl carbonate production by indirect alcoholysis

Iulian Patraşcu, Costin S. Bîldea, Anton A. Kiss

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 316-331 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2047-9

摘要： Dimethyl carbonate is an eco-friendly essential chemical that can be sustainably produced from CO , which is available from carbon capture activities or can even be captured from the air. The rapid increase in dimethyl carbonate demand is driven by the fast growth of polycarbonates, solvent, pharmaceutical, and lithium-ion battery industries. Dimethyl carbonate can be produced from CO through various chemical pathways, but the most convenient route reported is the indirect alcoholysis of urea. Previous research used techniques such as heat integration and reactive distillation to reduce the energy use and costs, but the use of an excess of methanol in the trans-esterification step led to an energy intensive extractive distillation required to break the dimethyl carbonate-methanol azeotrope. This work shows that the production of dimethyl carbonate by indirect alcoholysis of urea can be improved by using an excess of propylene carbonate (instead of an excess of methanol), a neat feat that we showed it requires only 2.64 kW·h·kg dimethyl carbonate in a reaction-separation-recycle process, and a reactive distillation column that effectively replaces two conventional distillation columns and the reactor for dimethyl carbonate synthesis. Therefore, less equipment is required, the methanol-dimethyl carbonate azeotrope does not need to be recycled, and the overall savings are higher. Moreover, we propose the use of a reactive distillation column in a heat integrated process to obtain high purity dimethyl carbonate (>99.8 wt-%). The energy requirement is reduced by heat integration to just 1.25 kW·h·kg dimethyl carbonate, which is about 52% lower than the reaction-separation-recycle process. To benefit from the energy savings, the dynamics and control of the process are provided for ±10% changes in the nominal rate of 32 ktpy dimethyl carbonate, and for uncertainties in reaction kinetics.

关键词： dimethyl carbonate     reactive distillation     process design     plantwide control    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

SHENG Jianwu, HE Miao, YU Shaoqing, SHI Hanchang, QIAN Yi

期刊论文

Synthesis of haptens and production of antibodies to bisphenol A

Xiya ZHANG, Xiaoyun DONG, Sijun ZHAO, Yuebin KE, Kai WEN, Suxia ZHANG, Zhanhui WANG, Jianzhong SHEN

期刊论文

Preparation of hapten-specific monoclonal antibody for cadmium and its ELISA application to aqueous samples

Huan HE, Bo TANG, Cheng SUN, Shaogui YANG, Weijuan ZHENG, Zichun HUA

期刊论文

An indirect evaporative chiller

Xiaoyun XIE, Yi JIANG,

期刊论文

Knowledge-based competitive strategy using direct customer experience for automobile product development

Peter HODGES, Shuh Yuan LIOU,

期刊论文

Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

Buqing YE, Rui ZHANG, Jin CAO, Bingquan SHI, Xun ZHOU, Dong LIU

期刊论文

Tackling global electricity shortage through human power: Technical opportunities from direct or indirect

Dan DAI, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Comparison of indirect boundary element and finite element methods A case study: Shiraz-Esfahan railway

Amin MANOUCHEHRIAN, Mohammad Fatehi MARJI, Mohsen MOHEBBI

期刊论文

基于产业价值链的我国制造业竞争战略研究

赵文成,赵红

期刊论文

Optimal production strategy for auto manufacturers with government subsidies in competitive environments

期刊论文

NICE’s Indirect Coal-to-Liquid Process for Producing Clean Transportation Fuels Using Fischer-Tropsch

Omar M. Basha,Li Weng,Zhuo-wu Men,Wayne Xu,Badie I. Morsi

期刊论文

有关间接法预测煤层气含量的讨论

鲜学福,辜敏

期刊论文

Immobilized

Pei MA, Dan ZHANG

期刊论文

Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

Fengjie ZHANG, Xiaoxia OU, Shuo CHEN, Chunqiu RAN, Xie QUAN

期刊论文

Novel eco-efficient reactive distillation process for dimethyl carbonate production by indirect alcoholysis

Iulian Patraşcu, Costin S. Bîldea, Anton A. Kiss

期刊论文